Typical phonological process development chart

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TYPICAL PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS DEVELOPMENT CHART Substitution Processes - when one class of sounds is replaced for another class of sounds. Phonological Process What is Happening? Examples Gone by Age Stopping (Stop) When a child substitutes a stop (b, p, d, t, g, k) for a fricative (s, z, f, v, th’s, h, sh,and zh as in measure) /pat/ for fat 3 yrs. /pine/ for vine 3 1/2 yrs. /tear/ for chair 4 1/2 yrs. /dob/ for job 4 1/2 yrs. /take/ for shake 4 1/2 yrs. /tope/ for soap 3 yrs. /pum/ for thumb 5 yrs. Deaffrication When a child replaces an affricate (ch, dz as in judge) with a stop (b, p, d, t, g, k) or a fricative (s, z, f, v,th’s, h, sh, and zh as in measure) /tear/ for chair Not Available /sop/ for chop /karm/ for charm /dob/ for job /dim/ for gym /zan/ for Jan Velar Fronting When a child /top/ for cop 3 1/2 yrs. (VF) replaces a velar sound (k, g, ng) with a sound that is made toward the front of the mouth. Fronting usually happens more often in the beginning of words compared to the end /reen/ for ring 3 1/2 yrs. /tup/ for cup 3 1/2 yrs. /doh/ for go 3 1/2 yrs. /tum/ for gum 3 1/2 yrs. Depalatalization (Dep) When a child substitutes an alveolar fricative (s, z) for a palatal fricative (sh, and zh as in measure) /tek/ for check Not Available /matsiz/ for matches /dudz/ for judge /dane/ for Jane Backing *This occurs in children with severe phonological disorders. When a child substitutes a front sound (t, d) with a back sound (k, g) /kop/ for top Not Available /hope/ for soap /gime/ for dime /bike/ for bite Liquid Gliding (LG) When a child substitutes a /wabbit/ for rabbit 5 yrs. glide sound (w, y) for a liquid sound (r, l) /wook/ for look /wing/ for ring 5 yrs. /yeef/ for leaf This can also occur in consonant clusters /bwed/ for bread 5 yrs. /gween/ for green 5 yrs. /bwack/ for black /gwas/ for glass Vocalization (Voc) This is also known as vowelization and happens when a child substitutes a vowel for a syllabic liquid /simpo/ for simple Not Available /abuh/ for able /tabo/ for table /papo/ for paper Syllable Structure Processes – sound changes that modify the syllabic structure of words. Phonological Process What is Happening? Examples Gone by Age Unstressed Syllable Deletion (USD) When a child doesn’t say the syllable with the least amount of stress /medo/ for tomato 4 yrs. /tefon/ for telephone 4 yrs. /efant/ for elephant 4 yrs. /nana/ for 4 yrs. banana /side/ for outside 4 yrs. Reduplication (Redup) When a child repeats a syllable of a target word which creates a multi- syllabic word form. Reduplication can be Total or Partial Total /baba/ for bottle 2 1/2 yrs. /dada/ for dog 2 1/2 yrs. /tata/ for television 2 1/2 yrs. Partial /bada/ for bottle 2 1/2 yrs. /dadi/ for dog 2 1/2 yrs. /tatu/ for television 2 1/2 yrs. Dimunization (Dim) When a child adds an “-ee” and sometimes a consonant + “-ee” to a target word. /cup-ee/ for cup Not Available /book-ee/ for book /doll-ee/ for doll Epenthesis When a child says an unstressed vowel usually “uh” between two consonants. /suh-poon/ for spoon Not Available/cup-uh/ for cup /puh-late/ for plate Final- Consonant When a child leaves a Open /ma/ for mom 3 yrs. 3 mos. Deletion (FCD) single consonant or consonant cluster off of the end of a word. This can happen on words that end with a vowel (open- syllable word) or on words that end in consonants (closed- syllable word) /da/ for dog 3 yrs. 3 mos. /wag-ih/ for wagon 3 yrs. 3 mos. Closed /boo/ for books 3 yrs. 3 mos. /ha/ for hand 3 yrs. 3 mos. Initial Consonant Deletion (ICD) *This is more uncommon but can occur in children with severe phonological disorders. When a child does not say the first single consonant or consonant cluster at the beginning of a word. /own/ for phone Not Available /ah-zit/ for closet /oo/ for shoe /indo/ for window /op/ for stop Cluster Reduction/ Deletion (CR) or Cluster When a child deletes or substitutes some or all parts of a Total All Cluster Reduction and Substitution should be gone by 3 1/2 yrs. /op/ for stop /eight/ for straight Substitution cluster. Cluster deletion can be Total or Partial /da/ for dark Partial Cluster Substitution /top/ for stop /bwed/ for bread /tate/ for straight /pwace/ for place /dak/ for dark Assimilation Processes – one sound changes to become more like another sound, usually its neighboring sound. Phonological Process What is Happening? Examples Gone by Age Labial Assimilation When a sound is changed to a labial sound (b, p, m, w) because of another labial sound in a word. Labial Assimilation can be Total or Partial /wap/ for wax Not Available /peb/ for pen /mob/ for moss Total /bub/ for bug Partial /bup/ for bug Velar Assimilation When a non- velar sound is /kug/ for cup Not Available /keek/ for keep changed to a velar (k, g, ng) sound. Velar Assimilation can be Total or Partial /goag/ for goat Total /kuck/ for cup Partial /kug/ for cup Nasal Assimilation When a non- nasal sound is changed to a nasal (m, n, ng) because of the influence of another nasal sound in the word. Nasal Assimilation can be Total or Partial /mom/ for mop Not Available /nong/ for long /non/ for nose Total /mom/ for mop Partial /mon/ for mop Alveolar Assimilation When a non- alveolar sound is changed to an alveolar sound (t, d, n, l, s, z) /tot/ for toss Not Available /suit/ for soup /dod/ for door Total /tot/ for top Partial /tod/ for top Prevocalic When a /den/ for ten Not Available Voicing voiceless sound that comes before a vowel is changed to a voiced sound. /zuit/ for suit /vight/ for fight /bie/ for pie Postvocalic Devoicing When a voiced stop, fricative, or affricate, that follows a vowel is changed to a voiceless sound (devoiced) /pick/ for pig Not Available /tuck/ for tug /sat/ for sad /bis/ for bees

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